Community acquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia that is acquired outside the hospital. After completing this article, readers should be able to. Pneumonia kills more children under the age of five than any other disease, claiming a young. Communityacquired pneumonia cap is defined as signs and symptoms of an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in an individual who acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospitalacquired nosocomial pneumonia 1,2. View notes pneumonia ppt from biomed 979 at moi university. This case study exemplifies the potentially serious consequences of treatment failure following prescription of a macrolide for community acquired bacterial pneumonia. Lab tests were not specific, showing an inflammatory response. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about ventilator associated pneumonia ppt. He runs several social media pages like world of chest xrays, respiratory system, for mbbs interns, doctors cafe, united doctors for social service udss and motivational quotes for positive thinking on the leading social networking site facebook. Pneumonia due to streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be a challenge. Introduction communityacquired pneumonia cap is a syndrome in which acute infection of the lungs develops in persons who have not been hospitalized recently and have not had regular exposure to the health care system. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Watkins, md, ms, akron general medical center, akron, ohio tracy l. Treatment in adherence to national guidelines produces favorable outcomes. Its clinical presentation contrasts to that of typical pneumonia. Community acquired pneumonia is a important cause of morbidity and mortality. In the assessment of severity in community acquired pneumonia cap, the modified british thoracic society mbts rule identifies patients with severe pneumonia but not patients who might be suitable for home management. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about pediatric pneumonia ppt. In children, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human. Predictor variables are based upon the medical history, physical examination, and selected laboratory and radiographic findings readily available at the time of patient. Community acquired pneumonia cap is defined as signs and symptoms of an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in an individual who acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospital acquired nosocomial pneumonia 1,2. Ppt communityacquired pneumonia powerpoint presentation. Communityacquired pneumonia cap is defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in a patient who has acquired the infection in the community, as distinguished from hospitalacquired nosocomial pneumonia hap. Community acquired pneumonia pneumonia microbiology. Community acquired pneumonia free download as powerpoint presentation.
Rao md pneumonia definition pneumonia is an abnormal inflammat ory condition of the lung. To assess the accuracy of specific maneuvers in diagnosing pneumonia and to compare the interobserver reliability of different clinicians examining the same patient, we. Nov 28, 2009 community acquired pneumonia is a important cause of morbidity and mortality, continues to be a universal health problem early diagnosis and treatment reduces slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. This approach facilitates discussion of characteristic clinical presentations but is a limited guide to patient management since specific microbiologic information is rarely available at initial presentation. Clinical presentation, processes and outcomes of care for. Typical presentation of legionella pneumophila communityacquired pneumonia. Management of pediatric communityacquired pneumonia should focus on judicious use of antimicrobial medications, bacterial diagnostics, and surgical drainage when complicated by large effusion and empyema. Prognosis microbiology diagnosis treatment prevention. Communityacquired pneumonia pulmonary disorders merck. Because of the wide spectrum of associated clinical features, cap is a.
Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less. A multicentre study was conducted to derive and validate a practical severity assessment model for stratifying adults hospitalised with cap into different. In the pre antibiotic era s pneumoniae causing lobar pneumonia was traditionally seen to evolve through four sequential but distinct following stages. The canadian communityacquired pneumonia working group. Community acquired pneumonia typical steptococcus pneumoniae haemophilus influenza. In the preantibiotic era it accounted for most cases of pneumonia. Update of practice guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults.
Pneumoniae structural lung disease pseudomonas aeruginosa,burkholderia. Office of disease prevention and health promotion odphp, us department of health and human services. There is considerable variability in rates of hospitalization, in part because there. Typical presentation of legionella pneumophila community. Management of pediatric communityacquired bacterial pneumonia. Of patients presenting to hospital with cap, up to 10% will require critical care admission. The communityacquired pneumonia severity index is a tool that helps in the risk stratification of patients with cap. Pneumonia community acquired pneumonia dr fawzia alotaibi a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Resistance to macrolides is rising in the usa and warrants careful consideration when confronted with a patient with suspected pneumonia in the urgent care clinic. Communityacquired pneumonia an overview sciencedirect topics.
Xray presentations of pneumonia may be classified as lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, lobular pneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia. Pneumonia ppt pneumonia by magdalyne mandela pneumonia. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on. To reduce the misuse of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, and sideeffects, an empirical, effective, and individualised antibiotic treatment is needed. When it develops independently from another disease, it is called primary atypical pneumonia pap. History and physical examination were not instructive.
About 200 million cases of viral communityacquired pneumonia occur every year100 million in children and 100 million in adults. In upright position lower lobes are best ventilated therefore deposition of inhaled micro organisms is higher in these lobes. Fever and hiccups persisted, and therefore neck and chest ct was. Communityacquired pneumonia and sepsis researchgate. Communityacquired pneumonia cap is defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma that is associated with at least some symptoms of acute infection, accompanied by the presence of an acute infiltrate on a chest radiograph consistent with pneumonia in a patient not hospitalized or residing in a longtermcare facility for. The patient was treated with chlorpromazine with no relief. Pdf communityacquired pneumonia cap is a leading cause of. Furthermore, the consequential treatment dilemmas currently. Community acquired pneumonia causes great mortality and morbidity and high costs worldwide. Bacterial, community acquired pneumonia classically show lung consolidation of one lung segmental lobe, which is known as lobar pneumonia. The clinical presentation of cap varies, ranging from mild pneumonia characterized by fever and productive cough to severe pneumonia. Severe community acquired pneumonia cap is associated with a high mortality rate and significant morbidity.
The combination of pneumonia and influenza is the ninth leading cause of death overall and the most common cause of infectious death in the usa, causing an estimated 50 000 deaths in 2010. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia definition pneumonia is an acute infection of the parenchyma of the lung, caused. Although pneumococcal pneumonia has been studied for decades, there are still many. Community acquired pneumonia cap remains one of the leading causes of death in the united states. Timing of initiation of therapy a cmstjc quality metric for cap is administration of the first antibiotic dose within 6 hours after presentation. Overview of communityacquired pneumonia in adults uptodate. Lemonovich, md, university hospitals case medical center, cleveland, ohio c ommunity acquired pneumonia cap is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. Most community acquired pneumonia cap are bacterial in origin and often follow brief viral upper respiratory tract infection. Community acquired pneumonia is a important cause of morbidity and mortality, continues to be a universal health problem early diagnosis and treatment reduces slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe communityacquired pneumonia mousa elshamlya, mohamed o. Other communityacquired infections are caused by staphylococcus aureus and mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Empirical selection of antibiotic treatment is the cornerstone of management of patients with pneumonia. When you breathe in, oxygenrich air travels into the body through the airways trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles in your lungs. When you breathe in, oxygenrich air travels into the body through the airways skip to content access to paid content on this site is currently suspended due to excessive activity being detected from your ip address 40. Communityacquired pneumonia causes great mortality and morbidity and high costs worldwide. Treatment of communityacquired pneumonia idsa guidelines. Communityacquired pneumonia significantly contributes to patient. Communityacquired pneumonia severity index psi for. Pneumonia facts about pneumonia brandon lowery annually, pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people, seven percent of the worlds total, and results in about 4 million deaths.
Community acquired pneumonia authorstream presentation. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Cpg, in the evaluation and management of pediatric community acquired pneumonia. The clinical presentation of cap varies, ranging from mild pneumonia characterized by fever and productive cough to severe pneumonia characterized by respiratory distress and sepsis. Communityacquired pneumonia is a common paediatric infection and, even with the introduction of pneumococcal and haemophilus vaccinations, most children will experience at least one episode. Symptoms and signs are fever, cough, sputum production, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, tachypnea. Communityacquired pneumonia an overview sciencedirect. Cap is a common and potentially serious illness with considerable morbidity. The infectious diseases society of america idsa, which has recently reexamined the etiology and presentations of cap, has proposed new guidelines that may lead to more efficient care for cap patients.
The most commonly identified pathogens are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, atypical bacteria ie, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella species, and viruses. Fever and hiccups persisted, and therefore neck and chest ct was performed revealing a right. Possible etiological agent according to susceptibility alcoholism klebsiella pneumoniae, oral anaerobes,s pneumoniae, m. Communityacquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia that is acquired outside the hospital. Severe communityacquired pneumonia bja education oxford. Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications.
Community acquired pneumonia is a common paediatric infection and, even with the introduction of pneumococcal and haemophilus vaccinations, most children will experience at least one episode. Pneumonias powerpoints presentations and patient education. Pneumonia current medical diagnosis and treatment 2020. Pneumonia has classically been considered in terms of the infecting organism table 98efigures 98, 99, 910, and 911. Pneumonia ppt pneumonia by magdalyne mandela pneumonia pneumonia is an inflammatory process involving the terminal airways and alveoli of the lung. Communityacquired acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia. Risk factors and prevention of hospitalacquired, ventilatorassociated, and healthcareassociated pneumonia in adults. View and download powerpoint presentations on ventilator associated pneumonia ppt. When a diagnosis of communityacquired pneumonia is made at presentation to hospital, determine whether patients are at. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung that is, the alveoli and abn ormal alveolar filling with fluid consolidation and exudation community acquired pneumonia definition. This approach facilitates discussion of characteristic clinical presentations but is a limited guide to patient management since specific microbiologic information is rarely. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. This case study exemplifies the potentially serious consequences of treatment failure following prescription of a macrolide for communityacquired bacterial pneumonia. Community acquired pneumonia cap is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Communityacquired pneumonia cap is one of the most underappreciated medical illnesses in the usa. Anatomists classification lobar pneumonia segmental subsegmental bronchopneumonia clinical pneumonia community acquired hospital acquired immunocompromised microbiologist classification bacterial nonbacterial viral,fungal,ricketssia. Streptococcus pneumoniae continues as the most common infective pathogen. The psi divides patients into 5 classes for risk of death from all causes within 30 days of presentation. View and download powerpoint presentations on pediatric pneumonia ppt. Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Canadian guidelines for the initial management of communityacquired pneumonia. Nina kim, md msc harborview medical center university of washington id fellows orientation july 5, 2011. According to one estimate, almost 1 million episodes of cap occur in adults age 65 and older each year in the united states. Clinical presentations and outcome of severe community. Pneumonia by magdalyne mandela pneumonia pneumonia is an inflammatory process, involving the terminal airways and alveoli of the lung.
Molecular diagnostic tests have greatly increased our understanding of the role of viruses in pneumonia, and findings indicate that the incidence of viral pneumonia has been underestimated. Ppt pneumonia powerpoint presentation free to download. Cap community definition cap in the community has been defined as symptoms of an acute lower respiratory tract illness cough and at least one other lower respiratory tract symptom like tachypnoea, pleuritic chest pain, sob. A 71yearold patient was admitted due to fever and persistent 48 hours hiccups. Rare clinical manifestation of communityacquired pneumonia. Management of pediatric community acquired pneumonia should focus on judicious use of antimicrobial medications, bacterial diagnostics, and surgical drainage when complicated by large effusion and empyema. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Community acquired pneumonia pneumonia antimicrobial. Diagnosis and management of communityacquired pneumonia in adults richard r. Atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia, is any type of pneumonia not caused by one of the pathogens most commonly associated with the disease. Presentations to eds in alberta, canada, for pneumonia.